Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)

NHL is a cancer originating from the lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell which is part of the body’s immune system

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a cancer originating from the lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell which is part of the body’s immune system.[1] NHL can occur at any age although it is more common in adults over 50 years old.[2] Initial symptoms usually are enlarged lymph nodes, fever, and weight loss.[3]

There are many different types of NHL. These types can be divided into aggressive (fast-growing) and indolent (slow-growing) types, and they can be formed from either B lymphocytes (B cells) or in lesser extent from T lymphocytes (T cells) or Natural Killer cells (NK cells).[4]

In 2020, there were approximately 550,000 new cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide, and an estimated 281,000 deaths were attributed to the disease during that same period.[5] The incidence remains the highest in Western countries, while regions of Africa, Western Asia, and Oceania continued to experience high mortality rate.[6]

Prognosis and treatment of NHLs depend on various factors, including the stage and type of the disease. Although there is currently no cure for NHL, advances in treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, have improved prognosis for individuals living with the disease.[7] [8]

Sources
[1] https://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/about/what-is-non-hodgkin-lymphoma.html
[2] American Cancer Society. (2021). Key Statistics for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/about/key-statistics.html
[3] American Cancer Society. (2021). Signs and Symptoms of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html
[4] American Cancer Society. (2021). Types of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/about/types-of-non-hodgkin-lymphoma.html
[5] Chu Y, Liu Y, Fang X, Jiang Y, Ding M, Ge X, Yuan D, Lu K, Li P, Li Y, Xu H, Fan J, Zhou X, Wang X. The epidemiological patterns of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: global estimates of disease burden, risk factors, and temporal trends. Front Oncol. 2023 Jun 2;13:1059914. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1059914. PMID: 37333805; PMCID: PMC10272809.
[6] International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Retrieved from https://gco.iarc.fr/today/home
[7] National Cancer Institute. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQÒ)-Health Professional Version. Updated July 14, 2021. Accessed October 25, 2021. https//www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-nhl-treatment-pdg.
[8] Cheson BD, Fisher RI, Barrington SF, et al. Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(27):3059-3068. doi:10.1200/JCO.2013.54.8800.

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